LIFE SKILLS: AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OFA PROGRAM TEACHING LIFE ENHANCEMENT SKILLS THROUGH ATHLETIC PARTICIPATION
LIFE SKILLS: AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OFA PROGRAM TEACHING LIFE ENHANCEMENT SKILLS THROUGH ATHLETIC PARTICIPATION
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Issue Date
1998
Authors
Noon, Ronald D.
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Abstract
This project evaluated a program teaching mental training skills through athletic participation to enhance life skills at a private Catholic high school. The Girls' soccer team was selected as the experimental group, and the Girls' softball team was chosen as the control group. Participants were 17 female, interscholastic athletes from Oakland, California. Athletes were administered a pre and post test comprised of three questionnaires. The questionnaires utilized were the Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire, Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. It was hypothesized the experimental group after the intervention would have significantly different scores from the control group. This difference would indicate that relaxation helps control anxiety, and goal setting increases self-efficacy. In addition, the athletes would be educated in task and ego orientation in sport. The results showed no significant differences from the pre to post test for the experimental group. Three (3) of the twenty-four (24) t-tests administered to the questionnaires showed a significant difference. Discussion centers on possible explanations for the results, and limitations of the project. This researcher would recommend a larger number of participants in the project study. More control over mental training techniques that are introduced to the experimental group by the interns is necessary for this researcher.