Exploration of the experience of fear in sport: A descriptive phenomenological study of former elite female gymnasts
Exploration of the experience of fear in sport: A descriptive phenomenological study of former elite female gymnasts
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Issue Date
2009
Authors
Paulk, Stephanie J.
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Abstract
In an attempt to explore the experience of fear in gymnastics, this research utilized the qualitative method of descriptive phenomenology, (Giorgi, 1985) to focus on a deep and individual perspective. Three female elite-level gymnasts reflected on and described an experience of fear in gymnastics which occurred 7-15 years ago. Though the participants described different types of fear, the experiences were similar enough to compile a general structure for all three participants. The constituents can be categorized into three categories: the contributing factors to being afraid, the embodied experience of fear, and the coping mechanisms to function with fear. These categories do show similarities with previous research, as well as illustrate the relationships between the constituents within the whole experience. Due to the reflective nature of the method, realizations shed light on the meaning of that experience. This research also supports a possible link between fear of failure and fear of injury at a high competitive level, as well as the observed effect of fear on motivation and behavior in this sport. The implications of the findings encourage attention and intervention to the unique and individual experience of fear and increased awareness for athletes, coaches, parents, and sport psychology professionals.