National DNA databases: comparison of effectiveness on criminal investigations, United States and the United Kingdom
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Authors
Narvaez, Rebecca C.I.
Issue Date
2012
Type
Thesis
Language
en
Keywords
CODIS , DNA , database , databank , retention , National DNA database , NDNAD , United Kingdom , United States
Alternative Title
Abstract
As of May 2011, more states in the United States have begun to expand laws pertaining to DNA sampling to include that of "anyone arrested for a violent crime" as a requirement. This use and expansion of DNA databases is considered advantageous in the aid of forensic investigations, criminal identification and crime deterrence. National database efficiency within the United States in comparison to that of the NDNAD of England and Wales, the largest established national database, values the incorporation of genetic profiles of all individuals arrested for felony offenses. Efficiency is not without its drawbacks; public concerns in reference to the possibility of civil liberty violations (e.g. 4th Amendment of the United States and Article 8 in the U.K). These concerns encompass the collection of DNA samples as well as retention of samples and genetic information within national databases of individuals convicted, arrested, and found innocent. Secondary data analysis conducted based on statistical data collected alongside literature review from the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) in the United Kingdom and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the United States. Evaluation and Statistical analysis of crime rates, reported populous and reported criminal population within national DNA databases determined efficiency based on positive correlation to database population, database use and criminal investigations aided. The objective of public safety will outweigh privacy concerns of those arrestees who may be found innocent. In summary, a link between database efficiency and the adaptation of legislative statues is seen to construct a balance between public privacy concerns and public safety; to include government regulations on sample collection and retention guidelines that do not interfere with the privacy of individuals. In considering detection rates statistics, this research project determines the efficiency of an ever expanding DNA database model in light of ongoing legal reform.