Optimal experiences from the "Flow" of G.R.A.C.E. An Optimal Experience Paradigm and Stage model "living and performing in a state of grace"; where East meets West
Optimal experiences from the "Flow" of G.R.A.C.E. An Optimal Experience Paradigm and Stage model "living and performing in a state of grace"; where East meets West
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Issue Date
1997
Authors
Kartiganer, Jennifer A.
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Abstract
The prospect of living to one's fullest potential is one that has interested all of us at one time or another. Following the lifestyle that we have thought to be the "ideal" is very difficult and often creates more stress and less happiness and acceptance in our lives. Providing a new perspective on how to excel and exceed beyond one's greatest expectations is the focus of this paper. Optimal experiences in sports are reviewed as well as the psychological profile and skills of individuals who have these experiences. The reoccurring themes of the literature review is the athlete's perception of him/herself and his/her ability to perform. Sport psychologists have focused on the relationship between individual's perceptions, arousal constructs and performance. There seems to be a problem in offering alternative points of view for the athlete due to the scientific nature of the studies and lack of language to verbalize individual experiences. Therefore many athletes, coaches and sport enthusiasts have turned to the principles and practices of the Eastern philosophies of Tao and Zen. An interpretive paradigm of optimal experiences is presented, supported by an open structure of the stages of G.R.A.C.E. (Goal-setting; Relaxation; Assessment; Centering/concentration; Evaluation).