Emerging Drone Risks and Protective Measures: A Study on the Western Interconnection Electrical Grid
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Authors
Werner, Justin
Issue Date
2025-10
Type
Dissertation
Language
en
Keywords
RPA , Remotely Piloted Aircraft , Drone , Criminal Justice & Public Safety
Alternative Title
Abstract
The rapid growth of low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has introduced new risks for U.S. critical infrastructure. The problem to be addressed by this study will be the threat that current and emerging aerial drone technologies pose to the Western Interconnection electrical power grid, as perceived by subject matter experts (SME) from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study is to analyze and identify the severity of risk posed by current and emerging commercial aerial drone technology to America’s Western Interconnection Electrical Grid Infrastructure. Data were gathered via an IRB-approved anonymous survey of 24 subject matter experts (SMEs) with follow-up interviews. Open-ended responses addressed (a) perceived UAV risk levels, (b) SME concern, and (c) adequacy of counter-UAS measures and interagency coordination. Thematic analysis revealed that SMEs view the grid as vulnerable due to gaps in detection, statutory authorities, and coordinated response protocols. Most rated current protections only slightly or moderately effective, with no SME identifying safeguards as highly effective; interagency coordination was assessed as minimal to moderate. Findings highlight the need for stronger policies and cross-agency collaboration. Recommendations include integrating counter-UAS scenarios into training, expanding statutory authorities, and investing in layered detection and mitigation systems. The study contributes stakeholder-driven insights at the unclassified level and offers guidance for regulators and practitioners seeking to strengthen energy infrastructure security against evolving aerial threats.
Description
The Doctor of Philosophy in Business (PhD-BA) program is a research-based program designed to prepare leaders for positions in the private and public sectors by enhancing knowledge and competencies appropriate to a leadership role in business, administration, and technology management. Upon completion of the PhD program, students are expected to have a broad knowledge in fields of business and technology management and an understanding of at least one specialized area of study