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The exposure triangle when capturing an image with manual controls. You control three key settings that determine how light is recorded. These settings form the exposure triangle. Shutter speed. Aperture, and ISO. Aperture. Aperture refers to the size of the lens opening a wide aperture. A small f number, like f 1.8, lets in more light and creates a blurry background.

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Also referred to as a shallow depth of field, perfect for portraits. A narrow aperture, a large f number like f16 lets in less light, keeping more of the image in focus. Ideal for landscapes. Shutter speed. Shutter speed works like our eyelids. When we blink, the shutter controls how much time light hits the sensor. A fast shutter speed like 1/1000 of a second, lets in a small amount of light and is often used on a bright, sunny day.

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A long shutter, like one quarter of a second lets in more light, making it ideal for low light scenes. ISO ISO determines your camera sensor sensitivity to light. ISO can range from 100 to more than 50,000.

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You would use a low ISO, for example 100. In situations where you already have a lot of natural light. Examples would be outdoors on a sunny day, or a location with a lot of bright artificial light. A high ISO like 20,000 can be an effective way to compensate in a low light situation. But the higher the ISO, the greater the chance of introducing noise into the image.

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Aperture, shutter speed and ISO are interconnected. If you widen your aperture to let in more light for a shallow depth of field, you may run the risk of being overexposed and would need to increase your shutter speed and lower ISO to properly expose your image. The same is true if you slow down your shutter speed. Allowing more time for the light to hit the sensor means you would narrow your aperture.

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Aperture priority and shutter priority. Aperture priority allows the user to set the preferred aperture, and the shutter speed and ISO will be automatically adjusted for the optimal exposure. If the camera is in shutter priority mode, the aperture and ISO will automatically adjust based on the preferred shutter speed. When shooting in full manual mode, you have complete control and all three modes independently.

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The key to mastering exposure is knowing how to balance the shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. Once you understand the principles, you are on your way to capturing compelling images.